Are more intuitive than index arrays. Similar to classes.

In place of keys you can use names instead of numbers.

How to create

On one line:

$pop= array("brazil"=>"110", "portugal"=>"10");

One by one:

$pop['brazil'] = "210";
$pop['portugal'] = "10";

How to access

echo "The population of Brazil is:".$pop['brazil'];

How to loop through

<?php
$demographics = array("brazil"=>"110", "portugal"=>"10");

foreach($demographics as $name => $pop) {
  echo "Name=" . $name . ", Pop=" . $pop;
  echo "<br>";
}
?>